![]() ![]() Spot and linear flow color encoding determined in testis parenchyma were separately counted for every examination. Doppler examination was performed by observing the whole testis parenchyma within the examination area at the testicular hilus level at all examinations. We evaluated BF in the testes via CD, PD, cSMI, and mSMI techniques in a heterogenous patient group. Patients and methodsĪ total of 156 patients (310 testes) were included in the study. To evaluate testicular BF, we have compared color Doppler (CD), power Doppler (PD), cSMI, and mSMI techniques. SMI is available in two modes as color SMI (cSMI) and monochrome SMI (mSMI). SMI can observe micro-vascular BF and low-velocity BF. Of these, 32 credits must come from approved courses, both required and elective course work, and 40 of these credits are taken as dissertation research credits upon completing the comprehensive examination, to be held during the fall term of the second year and advancing to candidacy.Superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI) is a new blood flow (BF) technique recently developed to outface the limitations of conventional Doppler imaging techniques (CDIT). It is expected that four rotations of seven weeks each will be performed in different laboratories of members of the PMI training faculty, but there are several circumstances where the requirement for four rotations or laboratories might be relaxed. Additional information can be found in the Student Handbook: Ī minimum of 72 credits is required for graduation with a PhD. Students enter the program in the summer or fall sessions, and perform four research rotations during their first year. This is an accelerated program that provides the opportunity for students to complete their degrees in approximately 4-6 years. Applicants who have earned a bachelor’s degree or a higher degree from a regionally accredited institution in the United States are exempt from submitting English language proficiency test results.Īdditional information and a link to the online application can be a found at A minimum TOEFL score of 600 (paper) or 100 (iBT), or IELTS score of at least 7.00 is required for admission to the Program. Applicants who are citizens of countries where English is not the official language (and the Province of Quebec in Canada) are required to submit evidence of English Language proficiency by submitting the official results of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). ![]() Admissions are based upon the student’s academic record, letters of recommendation, previous research experience, written statement of interest and a personal interview. Students with at least a baccalaureate degree in biological or physical science or in mathematics, computer science or engineering are encouraged to apply. University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineĪssociate Professor, Department of Immunology
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